What is the difference between heavy vacuum distillation and light vacuum distillation (FCC and HVGO)? Which process produces more gasoline?

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Heavy vacuum distillation (HVD) and light vacuum distillation (LVD) are two types of distillation processes used in the refining of crude oil to separate it into various components, such as gasoline, diesel, and heavy fuel oils.

In HVD, the crude oil is heated to high temperatures under vacuum conditions to vaporize and separate heavier fractions, such as vacuum gas oil (VGO) and reduced crude, from lighter fractions. HVD produces heavy products, such as fuel oil, asphalt, and lubricating oils, and can yield some gasoline as a byproduct.

In contrast, LVD involves lower temperatures and pressures, and is used to separate lighter fractions, such as atmospheric gas oil (AGO) and naphtha, from heavier ones. LVD typically produces more gasoline and other lighter products, such as jet fuel and diesel, but less heavy fuel oil.

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is another process used to increase the yield of gasoline from crude oil. It involves breaking down heavy hydrocarbons into lighter ones using a catalyst. FCC is typically used in combination with distillation processes, such as HVD and LVD, to maximize the yield of gasoline.

In general, LVD and FCC processes produce more gasoline than HVD. However, the specific yield of gasoline and other products depends on the type of crude oil being processed, the configuration of the refinery, and the market demand for different produc

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